Math & Number Riddles
20 riddles — Riddles involving numbers, math, and numerical reasoning.
Riddle #1
Five hundred begins it, five hundred ends it,
Five in the middle is seen;
First of all figures, the first of all letters,
Take up their stations between.
Join all together, and then you will bring
Before you the name of an eminent king.
Hard · math
Riddle #2
There is a party of 100 high-powered politicians. All of them are either honest or liars. You walk in knowing two things:
- At least one of them is honest.
- If you take any two politicians, at least one of them is a liar.
From this information, can you know how many are liars and how many are honest?
Hard · math
Riddle #3
Three people check into a room. The bill is $30. They split it 3 ways. Later on the hotel realizes they should have charged $25 so they send a bellhop to return $5. The bellhop realizes he can't split $5 3 ways to he gives each person $1 and keeps $2.
They have now paid $9 each for the room, the bellhop has $2.
$27 + $2 = $29
What happened to the last $1 considering $30 was originally paid.
Hard · math
Riddle #4
Two is company and 3 is a crowd. What is 4 and 5?
Easy · math
Riddle #5
What number do you get when you multiply all of the numbers on a telephone's number pad?
Easy · math
Riddle #6
There is a chain nailed to the wall. The chain is 10 feet long and the centre of the chain dips down 5 feet from where each side of the chain is nailed to the wall. How far are the 2 ends of chain from each other?
Medium · math
Riddle #7
If it takes 5 machines 5 minutes to make 5 widgets, how long would it take 100 machines to make 100 widgets?
Easy · math
Riddle #8
In a bicycle race, the man who came two places in front of the last man finished one ahead of the man who came fifth. How many contestants were there?
Medium · math
Riddle #9
A child playing on the beach had 6-1/6 sand piles in one place and 3-1/3 in another.
If he put them together, how many sand piles would he have?
Medium · math
Riddle #10
When is 1500 plus 20 and 1600 minus 40 the same thing?
Hard · math
Riddle #11
What is the largest possible number you can write using only 2 numbers - just 2 numbers, no other mathematical symbols?
Medium · math
Riddle #12
If you toss a coin 10 times and it lands heads up every time, what are the chances it will land heads up if you toss it again?
Easy · math
Riddle #13
An interesting formula for generating a good many (but not all) primes is n2 + n + 41. If we plug in consecutive integers 1, 2, 3, etc., at least up to a certain point, we can generate prime numbers. Give an integer for which the formula fails.
Hard · math
Riddle #14
100 passengers are boarding a plane with 100 seats. The first passenger in line has lost his boarding pass and chooses a random seat to sit in. Each subsequent passenger takes their assigned seat if it is unoccupied. Otherwise, they take a random unoccupied seat.
What is the probability that the last passenger will find their seat unoccupied?
Medium · math
Riddle #15
When I take five and add six, I get eleven, but when I take six and add seven, I get one. What am I?
Hard · math
Riddle #16
There are 25 red balls, 47 green balls and 3 blue balls in a basket. There is a blind man. What is the minimum number of balls that the blind man has to pick to make sure that there are at least 2 balls of different colors?
Medium · math
Riddle #17
A basket contains 5 apples. Do you know how to divide them among 5 kids so that each one has an apple and one apple stays in the basket?
Easy · math
Riddle #18
In a lake, there is a patch of lily pads. Every day, the patch doubles in size. If it takes 48 days for the patch to cover the entire lake, how long would it take for the patch to cover half the lake?
Easy · math
Riddle #19
If Mr. Flynn is 90 centimeters plus half his height, how tall is he?
Easy · math
Riddle #20
One brick is one kilogram and half a brick heavy. What is the weight of one brick?
Medium · math
Answers
1. DAVID (Roman numerals)
2. Yes, from the information you know 1 is honest and 99 are liars.
One of them is honest satisfying the first piece of information. Then if you take the honest man and any other politician, the other politician must be a liar to satisfy the second piece of information, 'If you take any two politicians, at least one of them is a liar.' So 99 are liars.
3. The bellhop has $2. This $2 is covered by the $27 paid by the guests. Don't add it to the $27.
The guests have had $3 in total returned to them.
$30 - $3 = $27 (of which $2 is the bellhops).
4. 9, 4 and 5 is 9.
5. 0
Anything multiplied by 0 will equal 0.
6. The ends are touching. In order for the chain to dip down 5 feet (exactly half) the ends must be touching and the chain is effectively folded in half.
7. 5 minutes. Each machine makes a widget at a rate of 1 widget every 5 minutes.
8. There were 6 contestants. The man came in 4th place
9. One whole pile.
10. In military time. Both refer to 3:20
11. 99, this is 9x9x9x9x9x9x9x9x9 or 387,420,489.
12. There is a 50/50 chance of each toss being either heads or tails. The previous toss does not impact the next toss.
13. The formula will fail for 40, resulting in 1681, which is the square of 41. This formula will also fail for 41, since 41 can be factored out. But, it will generate primes if integers from 1 to 39 are used in the formula, and many (but not all) integers greater than 41 as well.
1 Paul Hoffman, Archimedes' Revenge, 1995, Ballantine Books, p. 38-39.
14. 50%
There are only two possibilities. The seat is their assigned seat or its the first passengers seat.
15. A clock
16. 48 balls.
There is a small chance he may pick up 47 green balls in a row
17. 4 kids get an apple and the fifth kid gets an apple still in the basket.
18. The patch doubles in size every day and so on the 47th day the patch will be half the size it is on the 48th day
19. 180 centimeters.
Half of his height is 90 centimeters. Therefore his full height has to be double of that.
20. One brick weighs 2 kilograms.